The Science Popularization and Education Committee of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASAD) invited the CAS Institutes of Science and Development (CASISD) and National Science Review (NSR) to organize a roundtable discussion of viral infectious diseases on 11 October 2022. During this extensive discussion, experts introduced the history and background of virus and viral infectious diseases. They explained the function of human’s immune system. In addition, they answered frequently asked questions by the public such as the efficacy and safety of COVID vaccines, the cost of disease treatment and the threat of latest monkey pox outbreak. () Professor, director of Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute () MD., director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases () Professor, former director-general of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) (, Chair) Associate director of the Science Popularization and Education Committee of CASAD, professor of CAS Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and associate editor-in-chief of NSR () Professor, deputy director of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, former chief expert on AIDS, China CDC.© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.