Endometriosis is a common non-malignant gynecological disease that significantly compromises fertility and quality of life of the majority of patients. The gold standard for diagnosis is visual inspection of the pelvic organs by surgical laparoscopy and there are no biomarkers that would allow non-invasive diagnosis. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not completely understood, thus analysis of peritoneal fluid might contribute in this respect. Our prospective case-control study included 58 patients undergoing laparoscopy due to infertility, 32 patients with peritoneal endometriosis (cases) and 26 patients with unexplained primary infertility (controls). Discovery proteomics using antibody microarrays that covered 1360 proteins identified 16 proteins with different levels in cases versus the control patients. The validation using an ELISA approach confirmed significant differences in the levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI) and nonsignificant differences in angiotensinogen (AGT). A classification model based on a linear support vector machine revealed AUC of > 0.83, sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 1.00. Differentially expressed proteins represent candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or drug targets. Our findings have brought new knowledge that will be helpful in the understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and warrant further studies in blood samples.
© 2021. The Author(s).

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