Hypervascular nodal masses seen on CT scans with prominence and infiltration of perinodal fat can indicate Castleman disease, especially the hyaline vascular variant, according to findings published in the British Journal of Radiology. Yashant Aswani, MD, and colleagues conducted a multicenter study to characterize CT findings in abdominopelvic Castleman disease (n=76; mean age, 42.1). Abdominal involvement was unicentric in 48.7% of cases and multicentric in 51.3. Histopathologic subtypes included hyaline vascular variant (HVV; n=39), plasma cell variant (PCV; n=25), mixed HVV/PCV (n=3), and HHV-8 variant (n=9). The dominant nodal mass appeared hypervascular in 58.6% of patients. Internal calcification was seen in 22.4%, and infiltration of the perinodal fat, with or without hypertrophy, was present in 56.6%, more often with hypervascular versus non-hypervascular nodal masses (80.5% vs 20.7%; P<0.001). Dr. Aswani and colleagues noted that CT scans with these findings may indicate a diagnosis of Castleman disease, but still require tissue sampling.