The following is a summary of “High risk and low prevalence diseases: Endophthalmitis,” published in the September 2023 issue of Emergency Medicine by Gunalda, et al.

Endophthalmitis poses a significant threat to vision and is characterized by a high morbidity rate. Researchers sought to elucidate the key aspects of endophthalmitis, grounded in current evidence, encompassing its presentation, diagnosis, and management within the emergency department (ED).

Endophthalmitis represents a vision-endangering emergency marked by infection and inflammation affecting the vitreous and aqueous humor. Factors contributing to its occurrence include ocular trauma or surgery, immunocompromised status, diabetes mellitus, and injection drug use. Clinical evaluation involves assessing visual alterations, ocular pain, and inflammatory signs such as hypopyon, often accompanied by fever. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, with ophthalmology-conducted aqueous or vitreous cultures recommended. Although imaging modalities like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound may suggest endophthalmitis, they are not definitive for exclusion. Immediate ophthalmology consultation is paramount for managing intravitreal antibiotic injection and potential vitrectomy in severe cases. Specific endophthalmitis types warrant systemic antimicrobial therapy. Timely recognition and diagnosis play a crucial role in optimizing positive visual outcomes.

Emergency clinicians’ comprehensive understanding of endophthalmitis equips them to diagnose and manage this grave condition effectively, thus enhancing patient outcomes.

Source: sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0735675723003212