Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections and to identify predictors of 30-day mortality.
A retrospective study was conducted in an academic tertiary hospital in Jordan. The medical records of patients hospitalized over ten years (January 1, 2008- December 31, 2017) were reviewed to identify patients’ positive blood culture of P. aeruginosa. Annual incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors for 30-day mortality were analyzed.
A total of 169 cases of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection were identified, with an overall incidence rate of 0.23 case/1000 admission. The overall crude 30-day mortality was 36.7%. Receipt of corticosteroids (OR =4.5; p= 0.0017), severe sepsis and septic shock (OR = 2.7; p = 0.0476), admission to intensive care unit (OR= 5.9; p= 0.0004), end-stage renal disease (OR=4.1; p=0.0123), inappropriate empirical therapy (OR=3.2; p=0.0143), and inappropriate definitive therapy (OR=2.9; p=0.0110) were identified as independent risk factors for mortality.
The annual incidence of P. aeruginosa BSIs was fluctuating over ten years period. Several predictors for 30-day mortality in patients with P. aeruginosa BSIs were identified, including inappropriate empirical and definitive therapy.

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