By Lisa Rapaport
(Reuters Health) – Girls who go through puberty early may be more likely than peers who mature later to be involved in bullying at school – either as victims or perpetrators, a recent study suggests.
The researchers examined data on puberty timing and any experiences with bullying among 227,443 teen girls in 35 countries. Slightly more than 4 percent of the girls started menstruating early, defined in the study as before age 11.
Early menstruation was associated with 21 percent higher odds that girls would be occasional victims of bullying and a 35 percent greater chance of frequent victimization.
At the same time, teens who started menstruating sooner than most other girls were 19 percent more likely to occasionally bully other students at school and had 46 percent higher odds of becoming frequent bullies.
“This study emphasizes how intricate and complicated peer relationships can be during early adolescence, particularly for kids whose physical development puts them out of synch with their peers,” said Jane Mendle, a human development researcher at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, who wasn’t involved in the study.
“Peers are so important during early adolescence, especially for girls,” Mendle said by email. “Maturing early can contribute to kids feeling different from others in their grade at school, and it can also make kids stand out.”
While few previous studies have examined the link between bullying and puberty timing, early maturation has long been linked to an increased risk of conflict with other kids, feeling different and isolated, and being the victim of peer sexual harassment, Mendle added.
Puberty usually starts between the ages of 8 and 13 years old in girls. Breast and pubic hair development usually come first, followed about two years later by the start of menstruation.
Children who go through early puberty may be shorter than average adults because their bones may stop growing at a younger age, and they are also at increased risk of obesity as adults. During adolescence, they may face an increased risk of social and emotional problems and earlier sexual experiences.
Some recent research points to earlier puberty onset in the general population, especially in girls in developed countries. Environmental factors like diet, obesity and chemicals that mimic human hormones have all been suspected of playing a role.
The current study examined survey data collected in four waves from 2001 to 2010 in primarily European countries, as well as Canada, Israel and the U.S. During the study period, early menstruation became a little more common and the proportion of girls involved in bullying declined slightly.
By the end of the study, roughly 31 percent of girls who started menstruation early were either victims or perpetrators of occasional bullying, compared with about 26 percent of girls who started menstruating at age 12 or later.
The trend was similar with frequent bullying. In the last survey wave, about 11 percent of girls who started menstruating early were regularly victims of bullying and more than 9 percent were often bullies, compared with about 8 percent and 7 percent, respectively, of girls who began menstruating later.
One limitation of the study is that researchers relied on girls to accurately recall and report on the timing of menstruation and their experiences with bullying, the authors note in Journal of Adolescent Health.
Researchers also relied on girls to report their own weight, which might give an accurate picture of the proportion of overweight and obese girls in the study. Obesity is independently linked to both early puberty and bullying.
Still, the results suggest that parents need to make sure girls know what to expect during puberty and that it’s normal for their experiences to differ from friends and classmates, said senior study author Qiguo Lian of the Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research and the Institute of Reproduction and Development at Fudan University in Shanghai, China.
“Parents should let their daughters know that puberty timing is varied among adolescents, it is very normal that some are earlier and some are later,” Lian said by email. “More importantly, parents and school teachers should recognize that adolescents need the skills and abilities to copy with the pressures caused by early puberty they enter puberty.”
SOURCE: https://bit.ly/2rPHApD Journal of Adolescent Health, online April 25, 2018.
