Fine particulate matter (PM) as an environmental pollutant is related with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was characterized by incremental pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arterial remodeling, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, and finally cardiac failure and death. The adverse effects on pulmonary artery and the molecular biological mechanism underlying PM-caused PAH has not been elaborated clearly. In the current study, the ambient PM exposure mice model along with HPASMCs models were established. Based on bioinformatic methods and machine learning algorithms, the hub genes in PAH were screened and then adverse effects on pulmonary artery and potential mechanism was studied. Our results showed that chronic PM exposure contributed to increased pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice. In vitro, PM induced phenotypic switching in HPASMCs, which served as the early stage of PAH. In mechanism, we investigated that PM-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction could induce phenotypic switching in HPASMCs, which was possibly through reprogramming lipid metabolism. Next, we used machine learning algorithm to identify ELK3 as potential hub gene for mitochondrial fission. Besides, the effect of DNA methylation on ELK3 was further detected in HPASMCs after PM exposure. The results provided novel directions for protection of pulmonary vasculature injury, against adverse environmental stimuli. This work also provided a new idea for the prevention of PAH, as well as provided experimental evidence for the targeted therapy of PAH.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
