Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invasive procedure, globally most often used for the monitoring of heart transplant (HTx) rejection. In addition, EMB can have an important complementary role to the clinical assessment in establishing the diagnosis of diverse cardiac disorders, including myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, drug-related cardiotoxicity, amyloidosis, other infiltrative and storage disorders, and cardiac tumours. Improvements in EMB equipment and the development of new techniques for the analysis of EMB samples has significantly improved diagnostic precision of EMB. The present document is the result of the Trilateral Cooperation Project between the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, and the Japanese Heart Failure Society. It represents an expert consensus aiming to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date perspective on EMB, with a focus on the following main issues: 1) an overview of the practical approach to EMB, 2) an update on indications for EMB, 3) a revised plan for HTx rejection surveillance, 4) the impact of multimodality imaging on EMB, and 5) the current clinical practice in the worldwide use of EMB.Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
About The Expert
Petar M Seferović
Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Dennis M McNamara
Arsen D Ristić
Cristina Basso
Biykem Bozkurt
Leslie T Cooper
Gerasimos Filippatos
Tomomi Ide
Takayuki Inomata
Karin Klingel
Aleš Linhart
Alexander R Lyon
Mandeep R Mehra
Marija Polovina
Ivan Milinković
Kazufumi Nakamura
Stefan D Anker
Ivana Veljić
Tomohito Ohtani
Takahiro Okumura
Thomas Thum
Carsten Tschöpe
Giuseppe Rosano
Andrew J S Coats
Randall C Starling
References
PubMed